Thrombocytopenia is any disorder in which there is an abnormally low amount of platelets. Platelets are parts of the blood that help blood to clot. This condition is sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding.
Symptoms
You may not have any symptoms. General symptoms include:
Bleeding in the mouth and gums
Bruising
Nosebleeds
Rash (pinpoint red spots called petechia)
Other symptoms depend on the cause.
Exams and Tests
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms. The following tests may be done:
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, a transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.
Possible Complications
Severe bleeding (hemorrhage) is the main complication. Bleeding may occur in the brain or gastrointestinal tract.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your healthcare provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Prevention
Prevention depends on the specific cause.
References
McMillan R. Hemorrhagic disorders: abnormalities of platelet and vascular function. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine
. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 175.
Update Date: 3/14/2012
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
